In human cells undergoing meiosis, for instance, a cell containing 46 chromosomes yields four cells, each with 23 chromosomes. Mitosis simple division of a cell into 2 new cells provides for growth creates replacements for cells in single celled organisms. The best way for students to print out the powerpoint show is to download the pdf version. Mitosis and meiosis notes mitosis pre mitosis interphase the chromosomes are duplicated just before mitosis, so there are two identical sister copies of each one. Mitosis division of the cell nucleus and chromosomes into two nuclei each with one full set of dna instructions. Make sure that you distinguish between tetrads, chromosomes, and chromatids, and note at each stage the number of sister chromatids per chromosome.
The daughter cells, which are identical structurally and in genetic content, could be used to replace dead cells or to repair a damaged tissue. During interphase, the cell spends most of its time performing the functions that make. This lecture note has been prepared with the primary aim of alleviating the problems encountered in the teaching of medical applied genetics and molecular biology course and in minimizing discrepancies prevailing among the different teaching and training health institutions. Different modes of reproduction require different types of cell division a. During interphase, the cell spends most of its time performing the functions that make it unique. Biology 11a lecture notes test 2 chapter 8 cellular reproduction a. Meiosis lecture notes mitosis vs meiosis mitosis converts a diploid cell into two diploid cells for growth and repair. Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the. The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes grouped at either pole of the cell, the chromosomes uncoil and become diffuse, and the spindle fibres disappear. Mitosis does not normally change the chromosome number of the original cell. Meiosis can be considered as two cell divisions known as meiosis i and meiosis ii, each of which can be considered as having prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase stages as in mitosis.
Some cell undergoing this phase may have the option of coming out of it to undergo mitosis. Download this biol 112 class note to get exam ready in less time. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Cells at the tips of plant roots and stems grow rapidly and can be used for viewing the stages of mitosis. You are encouraged to print these or save them to your computer.
Mitosis is the process of how a somatic cell a cell that doesnt produce eggs or sperm divides. Mitosis lecture materials from the virtual cell biology classroom. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Detailed lecture notes pdf need help getting started. These do not replace reading the textbook, so dont become overly dependent on them.
Cell can only replicate and transcribe dna when in extended state. Fleming in 1882 showing longitudinal splitting of chromosomes during nuclear division. Meiosis coverts a diploid germ cell into haploid gametes sperm and egg cells used. This section provides a lecture outline on microtubules with links to related materials and detailed lecture notes.
Cell division, perhaps the most important is among the most difficult topics in biology to teach. Each single celled or ganism reproduces by forming two new offspring cells. Mitosis forms somatic cells chromosomes autosomes the first 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in males and females sex chromosomes remaining pair of chromosomes in females xx in males xy karyotype ordered display of chromosomes metaphase chromosome aberrations euploid cells have a multiple of the normal. Mitosis cytokinesis prophase metaphase anaphase telophase the process of the cells nucleus dividing during prophasetelophase mitosis begins. The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis learning objective this learning material is about the life cycle of a cell and the series of stages by which genetic materials are duplicated and partitioned to produce two daughter cells with the same genetic component as the parent cell. Mitosis video the cell cycle and mitosis khan academy. The cell cycle involves many repetitions of cellular growth and reproduction.
Word document of an inclass activity given to students at the end of lecture. Chromosomesmade of dna,containing the cells genetic codefound in nucleus. Virgin birth of a dragon in 2002, zookeepers at the chester zoo were surprised to discover that their komodo dragon laid eggs. This is important for life to survive in order to replenish worn out cells in multicellular organ. Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same. Students will use their brainstorming t chart from the opening section, the collaborative activity above, along with the mitosis lecture notes and meiosis lecture notes to gather evidence to create an essay that will compare and contrast the two cellular division processes. Understanding of mitosis and meiosis in higher secondary students of northeast india and the implications for genetics education ansuman chattopadhyay department of zoology, visvabhatati, 731235, santiniketan. Mitosis and meiosis comparison lecture and notes youtube. This is not the case for meiosis, which reduces the chromosome. The final stage of mitosis, and a reversal of many of the processes observed during prophase. Middle of the sphere is closest, but note that many cells are not spherical. They remain in their unwound state, and are therefore invisible. With few exceptions for example, red blood cells, all the cells of living things undergo a cell cycle. Mitosis and meiosis every organism, including you, begins as a single cell.
Notes over the cell cycle, mitosis, and cytokinesis. The ability of organisms to reproduce their kind is the one characteristic. The centrioles, a pair of cylindrical structures, are also. Mitosis in mitotic division mitosis two genetically identical daughter cells are produced from the original cell. Meiosis occurs by a series of steps that resemble the steps of mitosis. Cytokinesis division of the cell cytoplasm to create two separate but genetically identical cells from one cell. Cell division occurs in a series of stages, or phases.
Occurs with two sessions of divisions continuously but with no. Dna molecules in extended, uncondensed form chromatin. Used a slide of onion allium root tip to identify interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Select print, and, when the print screen comes up, go to the print handling options. G1 phase also called first gap is the period of specialization and execution of all special functions of the cell s phase is the period of replication of dna preparatory to mitotic division. Mitosis is a form of eukaryotic cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same genetic component as the parent cell.
Binary fission prokaryotes and eukaryote mitochondria asexual reproduction replicates original cell to produce two identical cells grow in numbers exponentially. The cell cycle is generally divided into two phases. The main function of meiosis is to reduce the chromosome number in half. All cells of the body with the exception of the fully differentiated. Human physiology biology 4 lecture notes updated july 2017 instructor. Mitosis division of the nucleuscytokinesis division of the cytoplasm. Lecture notes, lectures 1112 meiosis and mitosis studocu.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Diploid cells have two versions of each chromosome homologous chromosome pairs, one inherited from mom and the other inherited from dad. Cell division online lecture lecturio online learning. Like mitosis, meiosis is preceded by the replication of chromosomes meiosis takes place in two sets of cell divisions, called meiosis i and meiosis ii the two cell divisions result in four daughter cells o each daughter cell has only half as many chromosomes as parent cell. Chromatids or pairs of chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the. In mitosis, when the two sets of genetic material separate, each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes. Biol 1020 chapter 12 lecture notes 2 of 5 chapter 12. The multiplication of a body cell into two daughter cells of equal size and containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell is called mitosis or somatic division or karyokinesis. Students will observe the slides and shout out the correct responses. In many ways meiosis is very similar to mitosis, the stages are the same in general terms. We also have a photo guide to this meiosis classroom activity. Pdf bio103 topic 7 lecture notes meiosis shah tanjil. Start studying part 4 mitosis and meiosis lecture notes. Lecture notes word or pdf documents chapter 9 word chapter 10 word.
Getting the right stuff what is passed on to daughter cells. However, in some types of single celled organisms, the offspring cells sti ck together and form a. Mitosis mitosis is the mechanism by which somatic eukaryotic cells produce identical daughter cells mitosis produces two identical, diploid daughter cells mitosis involves partition of both cytoplasmic and nuclear structures mitosis consist of five phases. Cchs biology goldberg making gametes for the next generation 2 copies diploid 2n 1 copy haploid 1n or this among others. Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle during which the cell divides into two daughter cells interphase.
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and then move to separate daughter cells. Cell reproduction the replication of dna the equal distribution of dna to the two daughter cells the division of the rest of cell. A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. This is not the case for meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half. The female dragon had not been in the company of a male. Some organisms remain a single cell their entire lives. Meiosis biology lecture materials from the virtual cell biology classroom. Chapter 10 muscle tissue muscle basics three types cells are long and thin, called fibers 1. Bsci 124 lecture notes undergraduate program in plant biology, university of maryland lecture 8 mitosis cell division i. The interphase stage of the cell cycle includes three distinctive parts. There are related activities from class that correspond with this inf. They are in a condensed format which has six slides to a page. Part 4 mitosis and meiosis lecture notes questions and.
The cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis university of leicester. Cells are limited in size by their surface area and volume ratio. The eggs developed without fertilization, in a process called parthenogenesis. Understanding of mitosis and meiosis in higher secondary. Cytokinesis the final cellular division to form two new cells. Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.
Download and print out the lecture slides, when available, and bring them to class. Cell reproduction cell division animals get layer of cells 2. With a partner, do the chromosome dance for meiosis. Mitosis lecture materials from the virtual cell biology. Nov 19, 2014 this is a brief video of a lecture about the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Meiosis occurs only at the final division of gamete maturation. Apr 30, 2012 mitosis is the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Chapter 5 notes free download as powerpoint presentation. Cell division process where a cell splits into two identical daughter cells. Bsci 124 lecture notes undergraduate program in plant biology, university of maryland lecture 9 meiosis and sexual reproduction i. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction, whereas meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction. Definition a process in the sexual cycle by which the chromosome number is reduced by 12 2n n. Find a cell in telophase and draw the cell in your notebook.